Bites, stings and summer things

As summer begins and families head outdoors, they’re not the only ones on the move—creatures that bite and sting are out and about, too. Warmer and wetter conditions can bring out critters like mosquitos, fire ants, spiders and snakes that could put a damper on your summer mood.

Glenn Barnes, DNP, RN, EMT-P, NHDP-BC, FWEM, FAWM, clinical associate professor at the Texas A&M University College of Nursing and former U.S. Army Special Forces Green Beret, is double board certified in wilderness medicine and now teaches healthcare professionals how to provide care in austere environments. In his line of work, he sees plenty of insects and animals that could pose a danger or discomfort to humans.

Be prepared

Preparedness is the most important factor when out in nature—and the best form of preparedness is knowing what to watch for, Barnes said.

The Texas Poison Center lists potentially dangerous animals in Texas along with their potential effects. Although some identification guides may suggest looking at a snake’s pupils or a spider’s markings, Barnes cautions against getting too close and provoking the animal.

Another form of prevention is insect repellent. When venturing into heavily wooded or especially buggy areas, Barnes recommends treating clothing and tents with Permethrin, in addition to using a standard insect repellent on your skin.

Products containing at least 30% DEET are the most effective, Barnes said, especially for those prone to bug bites. If you want to reduce chemical exposure, natural repellents can work but may require more frequent application.

Another important item for outdoor adventures is a proper first-aid kit, said Gayle Ponder, MD, chief of medical staff at Texas A&M University Health Services.

“It never hurts if you’re going to be on a long hike to have some antiseptic wipes, some antihistamine, even some hydrocortisone,” she said. “That way, if you do get a bite, you can instantly treat it.”

Ponder also noted that while any antihistamine is better than none, oral antihistamines such as Benadryl, Claritin or Zyrtec are more effective than topical versions, such as Benadryl cream.

Know when to seek medical care

If you do get bit and begin to have a reaction, Ponder recommends monitoring for concerning effects. Watch for increased redness, puffiness, heat or other signs of infection, which may require medical attention and possible antibiotic treatment. If you begin to experience anaphylaxis symptoms—such as difficulty breathing, nausea or vomiting—seek medical attention immediately, especially if you don’t carry an EpiPen or have never had a reaction before.

To minimize bites or stings while spending time in wooded or bushy areas, Ponder recommends wearing long pants tucked in to your socks and a breathable, long sleeve, sun-protective shirt.

If you suspect a bite from a venomous creature—such as a brown recluse spider or rattlesnake—do not attempt to suck out the venom or apply a tourniquet to the wound. Rather, Barnes advises seeking medical attention immediately and allowing medical professionals to treat the wound. If you have a snake bite, call the hospital ahead of time and describe what you believe bit you so they can prepare the appropriate anti-venom.

Have a lifeline

Before venturing into remote areas, ensure you have adequate forms of communication.

“You need to have multiple ways of communicating,” Barnes said. “Have walkie talkies that’ll reach a ranger station, a satellite phone and a cell phone. And make sure you have spare batteries or battery chargers to make sure you always have power to electronic devices.”

Of course, the best form of defense is avoiding dangerous situations altogether. It’s best, Barnes advised, to leave wildlife alone and keep your hands and feet out of places you can’t see, like under rocks or logs.

“Let wildlife be wild,” he said. “Don’t pet the snakes. Don’t pet spiders. And understand that we’re in their habitat and it’s their home. Try not to disturb it if you can, and you’ll be fine.”